subject: Melatonin production/transcription of Aa-nat, a gene encoding the key enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis/ Corticosteroid potentiates the response of norepinephrine- stimulation of melatonin biosynthesis
object_opposite: TNF diminishes entire cycle
misc: Fernandes, P. A.C.M./ Cecon, E., Markus/ R. P./ Ferreira/ Z. S./2006
author_year: Fernandes, P. A.C.M., Cecon, E., Markus, R. P. and Ferreira, Z. S. (2006)
journal_volume_page: Journal of Pineal Research/Volume 41/Issue 4/pages 344–350
Thursday, February 26, 2015
Vesicular MASS transmission of Virus
subject: Phosphatidylserine Vesicles Enable Efficient En Bloc Transmission of Enteroviruses
object_opposite: Release of viral particles one at a time, Old paradigm:A central paradigm within virology is that each viral particle largely behaves as an independent infectious unit. Here, we demonstrate that clusters of enteroviral particles are packaged within phosphatidylserine (PS) lipid-enriched vesicles that are non-lytically released from cells and provide greater infection efficiency than free single viral particles. We show that vesicular PS lipids are co-factors to the relevant enterovirus receptors in mediating subsequent infectivity and transmission, in particular to primary human macrophages. We demonstrate that clustered packaging of viral particles within vesicles enables multiple viral RNA genomes to be collectively transferred into single cells.
misc: Clusters of viruses are packaged and released non-lytically in PS lipid vesicles PS lipids are co-factors in mediating subsequent infectivity and transmission PS vesicles provide greater infection efficiency for viruses PS vesicles enable viral genome clusters to be transmitted en bloc cell-to-cell
author_year: Ying-Han Chen/WenLi Du/Marne C. Hagemeijer/Peter M. Takvorian/Cyrilla Pau/Ann Cali/Christine A. Brantner /Erin S. Stempinski/Patricia S. Connelly/Hsin-Chieh Ma/Ping Jiang/Eckard Wimmer/Grégoire Altan-Bonnet/Nihal Altan-Bonnet /12 February 2015
journal_volume_page: Cell/Volume 160/Issue 4/p619–630
object_opposite: Release of viral particles one at a time, Old paradigm:A central paradigm within virology is that each viral particle largely behaves as an independent infectious unit. Here, we demonstrate that clusters of enteroviral particles are packaged within phosphatidylserine (PS) lipid-enriched vesicles that are non-lytically released from cells and provide greater infection efficiency than free single viral particles. We show that vesicular PS lipids are co-factors to the relevant enterovirus receptors in mediating subsequent infectivity and transmission, in particular to primary human macrophages. We demonstrate that clustered packaging of viral particles within vesicles enables multiple viral RNA genomes to be collectively transferred into single cells.
misc: Clusters of viruses are packaged and released non-lytically in PS lipid vesicles PS lipids are co-factors in mediating subsequent infectivity and transmission PS vesicles provide greater infection efficiency for viruses PS vesicles enable viral genome clusters to be transmitted en bloc cell-to-cell
author_year: Ying-Han Chen/WenLi Du/Marne C. Hagemeijer/Peter M. Takvorian/Cyrilla Pau/Ann Cali/Christine A. Brantner /Erin S. Stempinski/Patricia S. Connelly/Hsin-Chieh Ma/Ping Jiang/Eckard Wimmer/Grégoire Altan-Bonnet/Nihal Altan-Bonnet /12 February 2015
journal_volume_page: Cell/Volume 160/Issue 4/p619–630
Wednesday, February 25, 2015
Seasonal changes in Rhesus monkey Th1
subject: Seasonal Variations in Cytokine Expression and Cell-Mediated Immunity in Male Rhesus Monkeys. tH1 GREATER IN WINTER
object_opposite: camphylobacter infections greater in Spring, Th2 ewmained stable all seasons
misc: What are they fed in spring? Would captive vs free Rhesus monkeys show a difference?
author_year: David R. Manna, Mukaila A. Akinbamia, Kenneth G. Gouldb, Aftab A. Ansaric/15 March 2000
journal_volume_page: cellular Immunolog/ Volume 200/ Issue 2/ Pages 105–115
object_opposite: camphylobacter infections greater in Spring, Th2 ewmained stable all seasons
misc: What are they fed in spring? Would captive vs free Rhesus monkeys show a difference?
author_year: David R. Manna, Mukaila A. Akinbamia, Kenneth G. Gouldb, Aftab A. Ansaric/15 March 2000
journal_volume_page: cellular Immunolog/ Volume 200/ Issue 2/ Pages 105–115
Monday, February 23, 2015
2 deoxy Glucose utilized with Cysplatin in Head and Neck cancers
subject: Treatment
with 2DG and cisplatin also caused perturbations in parameters indicative of
oxidative stress/increasing percentage of glutathione disulfide. Exposure of
FaDu cells to the combination of 2DG and cisplatin resulted in a significant
decrease in cell survival when compared with 2DG or cisplatin alone
object_opposite: decreased intracellular total glutathione An inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, l-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO), sensitized FaDu cells to the cytotoxic effects of 2DG and cisplatin, and these effects were inhibited by NAC
misc: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/67/7/3364.short Article Simultaneous treatment with the thiol antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited parameters indicative of oxidative stress, as well as protected FaDu cells from the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin alone and the combination of 2DG and cisplatin
author_year: Andrean L. Simons/ Iman M. Ahmad/ David M. Mattson1/ Kenneth J. Dornfeld/ Douglas R. Spitz1/07
journal_volume_page: [Cancer Res/67/(7/3364–70]
object_opposite: decreased intracellular total glutathione An inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, l-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO), sensitized FaDu cells to the cytotoxic effects of 2DG and cisplatin, and these effects were inhibited by NAC
misc: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/67/7/3364.short Article Simultaneous treatment with the thiol antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited parameters indicative of oxidative stress, as well as protected FaDu cells from the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin alone and the combination of 2DG and cisplatin
author_year: Andrean L. Simons/ Iman M. Ahmad/ David M. Mattson1/ Kenneth J. Dornfeld/ Douglas R. Spitz1/07
journal_volume_page: [Cancer Res/67/(7/3364–70]
Sunday, February 22, 2015
inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG),
inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) of glycolysis
Used as tracer in CA,
used to ID tumor
Used as tracer in CA,
used to ID tumor
Lupus/Glycolysis connection
subject: Sudies of Lupus. Metformin and the glucose metabolism inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG), restoration of the defective interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by TC CD4+ T cells
object_opposite: Decreased Interferon Gamma production, Lupus chmistry diminished
misc: normalized T cell metabolism and reversed disease biomarkers. excessive IFN-γ production was significantly reduced by metformin in vitro diminished
author_year: Yiming Yin1, Seung-Chul Choi1, Zhiwei Xu1, Daniel J. Perry1, Howard Seay1, Byron P. Croker1, Eric S. Sobel Todd M. Brusko1 Laurence Morel1,/ 2015
journal_volume_page: sci Translational Med/11/274 pg.274
object_opposite: Decreased Interferon Gamma production, Lupus chmistry diminished
misc: normalized T cell metabolism and reversed disease biomarkers. excessive IFN-γ production was significantly reduced by metformin in vitro diminished
author_year: Yiming Yin1, Seung-Chul Choi1, Zhiwei Xu1, Daniel J. Perry1, Howard Seay1, Byron P. Croker1, Eric S. Sobel Todd M. Brusko1 Laurence Morel1,/ 2015
journal_volume_page: sci Translational Med/11/274 pg.274
Wednesday, February 18, 2015
Metabolic Control of TH1/TH2 differentiation
subject: BCKDH
involved in the metabolism of leucine. Insulin release is stimulated by Glucose
in high levels. Leucine and Alanine also work on Increasing Insulin release by
Increasing activity of BCKDH in the presence of GLUTAMINE. Glutamine is
metabolized to Glutamate (not a secretagogue) via its DEAMINATION Glutamate
Dehydrgenase. Glucose diminishes the leucine activity by diminshing the BCKDH
enzymes' production(dec. the mRNA)
object_opposite: BCKDH = Branched Chain Dehydrogenase. Hyperinsulinemia, which potentially could result from the combined glucose and leucine/glutamine insulin release. Malate is not a secretagouge. Alanine is
misc: bit.ly/1AF2yIr University of Wisconsin
author_year: Micheal MacDonald/91 Deborah McKenie
journal_volume_page: Journal of Biologic Chemistry(266)/1335-40
object_opposite: BCKDH = Branched Chain Dehydrogenase. Hyperinsulinemia, which potentially could result from the combined glucose and leucine/glutamine insulin release. Malate is not a secretagouge. Alanine is
misc: bit.ly/1AF2yIr University of Wisconsin
author_year: Micheal MacDonald/91 Deborah McKenie
journal_volume_page: Journal of Biologic Chemistry(266)/1335-40
Search mTOR
subject: Trained immunity is secondary
to Histone modification.The biochemical characterizations of the β-glucan–trained
monocytes revealed elevated aerobic glycolysis with increased glucose
consumption and lactate production, and higher intracellular ratio of
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to its reduced form (NADH). The
dectin-1–Akt–mTOR–HIF-1α pathway (mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; HIF-1α,
hypoxia-inducible factor–1α) was responsible for the metabolic shift induced by
β-glucan
object_opposite: reduced basal respiration rate, increased glucose consumption and lactate production, and higher intracellular ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to its reduced form (NADH). Note that blockage of the pathway blocked the trained memory
misc: Trained memory. The dectin-1–Akt–mTOR–HIF-1α pathway (mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor–1α) was responsible for the metabolic shift induced by β-glucan
author_year: http://bit.ly/1CE0Rcj
journal_volume_page: http://bit.ly/1CE0Rcj
object_opposite: reduced basal respiration rate, increased glucose consumption and lactate production, and higher intracellular ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to its reduced form (NADH). Note that blockage of the pathway blocked the trained memory
misc: Trained memory. The dectin-1–Akt–mTOR–HIF-1α pathway (mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor–1α) was responsible for the metabolic shift induced by β-glucan
author_year: http://bit.ly/1CE0Rcj
journal_volume_page: http://bit.ly/1CE0Rcj
Search : regulation of T-cell differentiation
subject: Mammalian target of rapamycin
(mTOR), article mTOR, metabolism, and the regulation of T-cell differentiation
and function
object_opposite:
misc: Involved in TH1 / TH2 differentiation
author_year: Adam T. Waickman and Jonathan D. Powell*/12
journal_volume_page: Immunological Reviews Metabolism and Autophagy in the Immune System Volume 249, Issue 1, pages 43–58, September 20TH1 TH2 differentiatin
object_opposite:
misc: Involved in TH1 / TH2 differentiation
author_year: Adam T. Waickman and Jonathan D. Powell*/12
journal_volume_page: Immunological Reviews Metabolism and Autophagy in the Immune System Volume 249, Issue 1, pages 43–58, September 20
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