AMIE ENTRY .
control at transcriptional level by inflammatory and non-inflammatory cytokines.
extra Urea cycle
These enzymes are involved in synthesis of nitric oxide, polyamines, proline and glutamate. Glucagon, insulin, and glucocorticoids are major regulators of the expression of urea cycle enzymes in liver
subject: Extra
urea cycle arginase/arginine metabolism involved in immunity
object_opposite: not exclusively within urea cycle. Extra urea cycle Arginine metabolism and production NO2 involved in other processes relative to immunity.
misc: Regulation of enzymes of the urea cycle and arginine metabolism. Author information The urea cycle is comprised of five enzymes but also requires other enzymes and mitochondrial amino acid transporters to function fully. The complete urea cycle is expressed in liver and to a small degree also in enterocytes. However, highly regulated expression of several enzymes present in the urea cycle occurs also in many other tissues, where these enzymes are involved in synthesis of nitric oxide, polyamines, proline and glutamate. Glucagon, insulin, and glucocorticoids are major regulators of the expression of urea cycle enzymes in liver. In contrast, the "urea cycle" enzymes in nonhepatic cells are regulated by a wide range of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines and other agents. Regulation of these enzymes is largely transcriptional in virtually all cell types. This review emphasizes recent information regarding roles and regulation of urea cycle and arginine metabolic enzymes in liver and other cell types.
author_year: Morris SM Jr/2002
journal_volume_page: Annu Rev Nutr.22:87-105
object_opposite: not exclusively within urea cycle. Extra urea cycle Arginine metabolism and production NO2 involved in other processes relative to immunity.
misc: Regulation of enzymes of the urea cycle and arginine metabolism. Author information The urea cycle is comprised of five enzymes but also requires other enzymes and mitochondrial amino acid transporters to function fully. The complete urea cycle is expressed in liver and to a small degree also in enterocytes. However, highly regulated expression of several enzymes present in the urea cycle occurs also in many other tissues, where these enzymes are involved in synthesis of nitric oxide, polyamines, proline and glutamate. Glucagon, insulin, and glucocorticoids are major regulators of the expression of urea cycle enzymes in liver. In contrast, the "urea cycle" enzymes in nonhepatic cells are regulated by a wide range of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines and other agents. Regulation of these enzymes is largely transcriptional in virtually all cell types. This review emphasizes recent information regarding roles and regulation of urea cycle and arginine metabolic enzymes in liver and other cell types.
author_year: Morris SM Jr/2002
journal_volume_page: Annu Rev Nutr.22:87-105
Annu Rev Nutr.
2002;22:87-105. Epub 2002 Jan 4.
Regulation of enzymes of
the urea cycle and arginine metabolism.
Department of Molecular Genetics and
Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15261, USA. smorris@pitt.edu
Abstract
The urea cycle
is comprised of five enzymes but also requires other enzymes and mitochondrial
amino acid transporters to function fully. The complete urea cycle is expressed
in liver and to a small degree also in enterocytes. However, highly regulated
expression of several enzymes present in the urea cycle occurs also in many
other tissues, where these enzymes are involved in synthesis of nitric oxide,
polyamines, proline and glutamate. Glucagon, insulin, and glucocorticoids are
major regulators of the expression of urea cycle enzymes in liver. In contrast,
the "urea cycle" enzymes in nonhepatic cells are regulated by a wide
range of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines and other agents. Regulation of
these enzymes is largely transcriptional in virtually all cell types. This
review emphasizes recent information regarding roles and regulation of urea cycle
and arginine metabolic enzymes in liver and other cell types.
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